Measuring Business Performance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Estimating Business Performance - Coursework Example As indicated by Chary (2009: 19.7) productivity is characterized as the capacity of a business to create an ideal impact, administration or an item with a base measure of exertion. While viability is characterized as the degree or degree to which destinations are accomplished, it is being fruitful in acknowledging or accomplishing what is required. Wharton (2012) characterizes adequacy as the all out yield that is created while productivity alludes to the economy in the use or utilization of assets to play out an assignment. Expect a machine administrator relegated to make shrubs, makes 500 hedges for every move utilizing 25 kilogram of steel bar. The adequacy is that the administrator makes 500 shrubs for each move while the proficiency is that the administrator produces 25 brambles for every kilogram of steel pole. I) Higher degrees of adequacy and effectiveness add to better outcomes. They empower the organization to expand their efficiency by delivering lower cost merchandise and enterprises than contenders. This along these lines makes the organization to make higher benefit for every unit sold or offer lower cost than contenders to the clients (Wharton (2012: 24). ii) The organization can build up an upper hand over its rivals. More elevated levels of proficiency and viability empower associations to deliver great products and ventures. The association can use their assets ideally to accomplish wanted yield in this manner being in front of their rivals (Chary, 2009: 19.8). iii) Finally, accomplishing more elevated levels of viability and productivity empowers organizations to figure out how to stimulate their workforce to concentrate on shared objectives. It encourages the association to oversee and coordinate their human capital towards objective accomplishment and mission satisfaction. The association is in this manner ready to make better correspondence, initiative, cooperation, bearing, flexibility just as positive condition (Chary,

The Tet Offensive through the strategic eyes of the Viet Cong and Research Paper

The Tet Offensive through according to the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese - Research Paper Example Be that as it may, the socialist north chose to organize a hostile in what came to be viewed as the greatest assaults ever, since the Vietnamese war started. During this assault, the socialists assaulted significant towns of the South to a tune of in excess of 100 towns, including the southern capital, while additionally spreading the assaults to more than 36 commonplace capitals of the south, utilizing a detachment of in excess of 80,000 soldiers (Donaldson, 161). In spite of the South Vietnamese and the USA armed force being gotten off guard, reacted to the hostile and in the end defeated the socialists, despite the fact that the entire situation took two additional months, with the most noticeably terrible event being the Battle of Hue, where the entire of the city was decimated and a huge number of occupants, to a tune of 7600 executed by the socialists, in what came to be alluded as the Hue slaughter (Collins, 42). There are three fundamental viewpoints that have made the Tet Of fensive stick out, in the entire scene of the Vietnamese war. To begin with, the Tet hostile was propelled by the North Vietnam against South Vietnam unsuspecting, the socialists to dispense more harm on the South, on the underlying essence of the hostile. Besides, the hostile stands apart as the biggest military activity that was ever directed by either the north or the south in the Vietnamese war. Thirdly, it stands apart as the most noticeably awful assault on the regular people, since the hostile didn't just focus on the Southern Vietnamese and the USA armed forces, yet additionally stretched out its assaults to the non military personnel order and control focuses all through South Vietnam, coming full circle with the terrible Hue slaughter that left more than 7000 regular folks dead (Anderson, 183). Such a gigantic assault activity couldn't have quite recently gone ahead board, without productive and compelling arranging and execution of the assaults. The Tet Offensive happened when the weight was mounting on the USA military and government to think about dropping its inclusion in the Vietnamese war, taking into account that near 45% of the Americans accepted that the war was not worth being sought after, chiefly because of the misfortunes it had delivered on the USA, as far as the quantity of the setbacks of its officers, the addition in tax collection to the residents, and the absence of a smallest sign that the war was reaching a conclusion (Robbins, 12). With such displeasing inside general society, and even a few segments of the legislature and knowledge, the military order expected to act definitively in carrying the entire issue to a stop. The USA military order thusly responded by mounting the achievement hostile in 1967, where it tried to state to the open that the USA would win the war, and carries it to an expedient end. This was accomplished through media purposeful publicity where the military commanders misdirected the American open on the a bilities of the Northern Vietnamese Army and the Viet Cong, by attesting that they were losing ground and thusly were not in a situation to dispatch any significant assault. To check everything, and give more certainty to the individuals, the US armed force General approached the socialists to take a stab at something, in light of the fact that the USA was really searching for a battle (Donaldson, 155). In this way, the counter war feelings by the American open, coupled by the underestimation of the socialists capacity

Knowledge Management Audit Report Free Essays

string(40) sure about releasing their duties. The contextual investigation portrays the issues related with a rule stupendous, a five-star lodging arranged In Thailand. At first the lodging was performing admirably under Thai General Manager; anyway since the takeover by a huge American inn network, rule terrific inn was encountering falling apart conditions with respect to its business and notoriety. Mr. We will compose a custom paper test on Information Management Audit Report or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now . Becker was drafted as another General Manger if Regency Grand Hotel. He was Interested in applying the ideas, strategies, approaches and systems of inn the executives which he prior rehearsed effectively in the US to the Regency Grand Hotel. Mr.. Backer’s achievement was for the most part on securing were the activities were encountering low spirit and poor gainfulness. One of the significant focuses For this situation study Is the way that Regency Grand Hotel was not encountering low confidence and poor productivity. Truth be told Regency Grand Hotel was one of the top performing inns of Thailand were representative fulfillment was high. Mr.. Backer’s ability was in effectively executing administration procedures in a sinking association instead of in a built up and stable association. Research has indicated that the correct representative ought to be employed at the ideal time. [r] One of the significant issues as outlined for the situation study is the execution of same Human Resource Management Strategy in various nations. This Human Resource Management technique by Becker contained presenting the idea of decentralization at Regency Grand Hotel. As indicated by Becker, this system will yield upgraded worker inspiration and generally speaking Job fulfillment which will inauspicious lead to more benefits. This procedure was effectively Implemented by Becker In his past assignments. Becker was sure of accomplishing positive outcomes by Introducing this methodology right away. One investigation shows that training of Human Resource The board can differ across nations predominantly due to adjustment of administrative practices and social peculiarity [Snell and Dean, 1 992, Salk and Brannon, 2000]. Hauled contends that national societies sway the perspectives and practices of representatives (Hefted, 1980). This Is valid on account of Mr.. Becker. Since he originated from United States and had been effectively rehearsing Human Resource Management with workers displaying us culture, he had a mentality reflecting us employee’s conduct towards the board practice. Moreover, Mr.. Becker was of the feeling that a similar Human Resource Management could be polished in Thailand without understanding that there would be methodical contrasts that may have existed in Human Resource Management in various nations. The executives by Objective Is the way toward determining goals inside an association to guarantee that the workers at the administrative level and non administrative level live with the targets set fourth so they can completely comprehend what is required and what should be done inside an association. Studies have indicated that efficiency inside an association increments if Management by Objective program is propelled (Robbins and Coulter, 2005, 165). Be that as it may, Becker Introduced the idea of decentralization however couldn't Implement It unpleasantly. Becker burned through most AT Nils story shrink ten operational level workers. This came about in Backer’s direct correspondence with the operational level representatives which helped the workers better comprehend what Becker needed and anticipated from them. Notwithstanding, the supervisor’s strengthening job was limited which brought about lackluster showing. Researchers have composed that commonly concurred goals are gone ahead between representatives. Becker executed him decentralization plan in the wake of getting endorsement from a few as opposed to all supervisors ND division heads. The majority of the researchers concur that the Management by Objective is fruitful on the off chance that it is executed from top to down while guaranteeing total cooperation [Rodgers, R. ; Hunter, J. E. 1991]. At the point when force and control in partook in association, the general viability increments. (Organelle et al. , 2007)The strengthening is utilized as the board instrument which engages representatives to rehearse inventive methodology while working. Moreover, strengthening is the force which is moved from top level to base level [(Teach et d. 0 04).. Sharpened (1997) contended that strengthening ought to have higher level of openness and responsibility while having the opportunity to act. This means the board so as to engage their workers, must guarantee that the representatives will be persuaded and submitted. This will assist them wit h accomplishing hierarchical objectives while the odds of a representative to stop will essentially diminish. Worker strengthening has been defensiveness’s ways, however K defrosts et al. (2007), Money and Hankie (2006) and Honed (1997) concurred that the center component of strengthening includes giving representatives segment or scope over certain undertaking related exercises. Smith and Mold, (1998) characterized strengthening as an exchange of rower stream the business to the representatives to settle on brisk and quality choice. Sharpened (1997) contended that strengthening isn't just having the overflowed to act, yet additionally having higher level of obligation and responsibility. This shows the executives must enable their me people groups so they will be inspired dedicated fulfilled and help the associations accomplishing destinations Mohammedanize representatives aim to stop. Moving capacity to the representatives ought to be finished with due tirelessness, simultaneously workers to whom the force is moved to, must be considered responsible for their activities. Responsibility will impart discipline in using the scant assets ideal to serve the association and different partners. In this way, representatives ought to be enabled through, sharing data, self-governance in settling on choices and improving their scholarly limit. Welling et al (1991) comparably suggested that an association that engages their representatives will have the option to endure and develop in any condition. Mohammed and Prevail (1998) contended that strengthening is a perspective and enabled representatives mind encounters sentiments of, (1) power over the Job to be performed, (2) familiarity with the setting in HCI the work is performed, (3) responsibility for individual work yield, (4) shared duty regarding unit and hierarchical execution and (5) value in the prizes dependent on individual and aggregate execution. The Cognitive model of strengthening, characterizes strengthening on a wide term, which Includes ten support AT ProvoEng worker Witt certified Coo enlistment Ana chances to have their voice heard having genuine force for control and impact over work forms, which prompts representatives to be positive about releasing their obligations. You read Information Management Audit Report in classification The board This model further underscores that associations have no alternatives but to enable their representatives for reason for endurance, development and increment productivity and being intensity. Further, the model of work group adequacy hypothesized by Cohen et al. (1996) remarked that worker strengthening ought to be the essential concentration for any supervisor who attempts to plan powerful self overseeing work groups in association. Organelle et al. (2007) recommended that, similar to the idea of intensity, strengthening can be seen in two different ways. To start with, it very well may be seen as a social lead †which me that directors should assign capacity to the subordinates. Besides, a persuasive develop where worker strengthening is viewed as a plan to spur representatives in association. In this manner engaged representatives feel roused when they are offered self-rule to settle on choice about their work or are associated with the arranging procedure of Ethel association. Thusly representative strengthening suggests that force is conceded to the workers or assignment of power. Essentially, Procter et al (1999) proposed that for the utilization of the term strengthening of individuals to be significant, there must be a veritable move in the locus of intensity away from the top administration to the shop floor. Scuffle (2004) contended that strengthening is a complex intuitive procedure which includes the demonstration of creating and expanding capacity to the subordinates. Furthermore they distinguished five center mimeo which can upgrade strengthening in associations and these incorporates teaching of representatives, driving, coaching, supporting and demonstrating appropriate structures to improve worker strengthening in association. This unmistakably shows strengthening is a multi-monsoonal process which includes numerous frameworks of the association and is a continuous procedure. Lloyd expense al. 1999) attested that, supervisors should go about as mentors and help representatives to take care of issues. Administrators ought to engage subordinates by appointing susceptibilities and helping them when they have issues and in this manner workers will feel increasingly happy with their supervisors and they will believe them to be reasonable and consequently they will perform to their mana ger’s desires. Workers should be aided the procedure of strengthening. Participative administration, supervisors must engage their representatives by permitting them to take part in choice m a h g process. For anxiety the model of worker strengthening hypothesized by Mammal and Securest (1996) contended that representative strengthening has been expounders the idea of participative administration. The model underscored that strengthening to squeeze a solid establishment in associations; supervisors ought to inherently inspire the conduct of their representatives and must discharge a portion of their position and obligation to different degrees of the association. Sharpened (1997) likened representative strengthening as the board by-stress procedure that pushes individuals and frameworks to the limit by driving specialists to accomplish more.

Reducing Violence in Society free essay sample

Finn’s that â€Å"we truly comprehend the market just when we look at it inside its [full] political, social, and social context† (p. 144). His utilization of the term the â€Å"moral nature of markets† alludes to his idea that business sectors include complex collaborations among a wide scope of social factors that must be examined like an environmental framework. Finn has distinguished four regions of morality:(1) government forced requirements to business sectors that forestall showcase mishandles, likewise they different suppositions from left and right rely on where wall ought to be constructed (2) the arrangement of fundamental merchandise and enterprises to all people, that way to change distributional deficiencies of the market and adjusted the interest and flexibly. (3) the profound quality of people and gatherings to limit singular quest for personal responsibility by uprightness. 4) the nearness of common society, in different universes intentional relationship of people to accomplish shared objectives. He recommends, isn't between tending to these issues through thoroughly free markets from one perspective, or a midway arranged framework on the other, since all true financial frameworks incorporate some blend of business sectors and government inclusion. We will compose a custom exposition test on Lessening Violence in Society or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Market frameworks give a few limits that restrict or deny certain practices, and arranged economies permit a few choices to be made by people. For all perspectives from left to right, the appraisal of equity will depend on the structure for business sectors themselves as well as on the setting of business sectors. Finn gives a financial safeguard of personal circumstance and market. Since he attempted to accept that libertarians look to safeguard markets without plan of action to moral cases. Be that as it may, they have bombed in the long run, in light of the fact that any guard of business sectors essentially includes some ethical cases, and to be sure libertarians do acknowledge a few cases, however regularly verifiably. With the goal that Finn proposes the â€Å"four issues of financial life†Ã¢â‚¬allocation, appropriation, scale, and nature of relationsâ€which every single monetary framework must address. The monetary issues are interrelated, and endeavors to settle on can have a useful or negative consequences for the others. Starts with the â€Å"construction of fences† that characterizes the limits of reasonable market wall. They permit the built up wall individuals are allowed to seek after their own advantages. All the while, USA individuals concur that present market wall are ethically adequate to forestall manhandles. Since Finn contends that do following up on personal responsibility inside the game is permitted. The officials ought to be dependable to investors and representatives. It isn't simply partnership get benefits as a principle reason, yet in addition supervisors ought to think about others. For instance an organization had lack, officials doesn't lay off its laborers during a downturn sought after but instead lessens the wages and compensations of organization representatives, since everyone has option to seek after their personal circumstance. Workers likewise need to pay for their family or horrendous life. Likewise, every individual want to seek after personal responsibility in social and permit do acting inside guidelines what they made, similar to the â€Å"construction of fences†, the global organization should commit to treat all groups be reasonable. Finn’s contentions are not persuading. I don't think Finn’s record of personal responsibility advance common comprehension. To begin with, Finn’s record of personal circumstance neglects to perceive that in most market trades neither the purchaser nor the merchant assesses their personal responsibility, nor the enthusiasm of others, however each essentially â€Å"goes about their business. For instance on the off chance that I back to home and by the route go to grocery store to purchase foods grown from the ground, I make estimations nor do I think about tradeoffs. I basically select the things, take care of my tab, and head for home. I seek after my personal responsibility since I base my choice on varia bles, for example, comfort, deals, however how regularly do â€Å"abuses† emerge by virtue of self-intrigued conduct? Second, Finn’s record of personal circumstance is that he appears to compare self-intrigued conduct with advertise conduct. An administration official may try to broaden his financial plan, or the quantity of laborers answering to him, to build his compensation.

Civil disobedience Essay

In Ralph Waldo Emerson’s exposition â€Å"Self Reliance† and Henry David Thoreau’s paper â€Å"Civil Disobedience,† both visionary scholars talk about being individual and what changes and changes should be made in a traditionalist society. Thoreau explains more on the connection among uniqueness and society and to break liberated from congruity. Which means to take a position and impact man to roll out a social improvement. Emerson inclines more towards nature and the association with otherworldliness. He shouts that for uniqueness there must be a type of comprehension of oneself to have an effect †which is the fundamental nature. He accepts that man’s association with nature is the most significant wellspring of life since nature is the thing that connections man to God, â€Å"the divine providence.† Both creators express the requirement for independence so as to have a solid good and gotten entire through their visionary goals. In Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance,† social obligation is significant. The importance behind this is there is a period in man’s life when he will at last understand that he has a reason, a predetermination, and the obligation to accomplish objectives as long as there is a tap into profound nature. Emerson states, â€Å"The most grounded man on the planet is he who stands alone,† which references the conviction of independence. Emerson takes note of that celebrated people are regularly misjudged just as a result of their feeling, thoughts, and musings; in any case, this misconception is the reason they are so regarded. One huge point in â€Å"Self Reliance† is that people ought not comply with society however to be free as a top priority. Emerson focuses on that one ought to interface with nature to keep up genuine feelings of serenity and individual attitude. In â€Å"Civil Disobedience,† Thoreau meets a man while spending time in jail in jail who has been secured away for consuming a horse shelter. All things being equal, Thoreau sees his cellmate as a legitimate man by basically confiding in his own instinct. Besides, Thoreau composes, â€Å"The government is best which administers least,† in lines 2-3, which depends on the conviction that individuals ought not fit in with society yet remain autonomous and grasp their own convictions, objectives, qualities, and ethics. Both â€Å"Self Reliance† and â€Å"Civil Disobedience† are pertinent in present day society since they debilitate congruity, which is a major issue on the planet today. People will in general lean with the larger part, yet ought to be educated to hold fast. The two expositions likewise notice the legislature and the issues associated with it. Since they were composed, government has not improved; it might have even exacerbated. Government is best when it oversees least-that point of view should in any case be applied to today’s government. Presently, the administration attempts to continually control each viewpoint in everyone’s life, except like Thoreau states, it ought to permit its kin to choose significant issues.

Management Consultant Resume Examples, Templates Complete Guide

Management Consultant Resume Examples, Templates Complete Guide How do I make the best out of my resume? How can I increase my chances of going to the second round of interviews? Is it possible that I have been making some mistakes while creating my resume that thwarted my success?How Can I improve?Those and many other questions are what taunt each candidate each time they decide to send out a resume.Are those questions valid? Yes, yes they are. Creating a perfect resume is not just a matter of listing personal, educational, and experience information.Many recruiters and HR professionals have studied the ups and downs of summaries to come to a conclusion of how a perfect resume should look like and what pieces of information it should contain.We at Cleverism, have perfected the art of creating resumes! Our resume builder will make it easier to choose the right template, the right font, pick the right information and essentially put you and your resume at the top 10%.So, if you are in the process of looking for a new job, take a look at our resume builder, and find what suits you the most!If you are looking for the very first job ever, and are dreading writing about your non-existent experience, we have a solution for you as well.As if writing resumes is not stressful even if you have a great experience under your belt, you now feel like you have to highlight the lack thereof.You do not.We will show you how to emphasize other parts of your resume so that the lack of experience may even work to your advantage, rather than disqualify you from the job search.We have prepared this text for all of you aspiring Management Consultants with the idea to help you create the best resume of your life which will be a tool on the road to getting that promotion, that dream job, or reaching your very first professional milestone.What are some other questions that are going through your mind when you think about writing your resume? Is it something along the lines of what information you should include? How about the length of it? Keep it sh ort or let your pen run wild? How do you stand out among possibly hundreds of others?In this guide we will help you find the answers to those and many other questions you did not even know you had!You will learn to pick the right information, to order them in a way that is most logical to the recruiters, to highlight your strengths and mask your weaknesses.Our guide is not designed to ensure you get the job, we cannot make that guarantee.However, we do guarantee a larger number of callbacks and that you will be noticed during that first, impersonal round where all the recruiters are basing their choice on is your resume.The rest is pretty much on you and the fact whether you actually meet the job criteria.So, visit our resume builder.Have you picked a layout yet?Great!Let’s get started on creating your resume.We will start by showing you two great examples for a person of your interests, and then we will explain the requirements of each section, and the mistakes that can possibly sneak up on you, step by step.You can try to fill in the resume as we go, or you can make notes and do it later.Check yourself for any mistakes that you might have made in the past and correct them. You will be surprised how much damage a little mistake can do.Ready? Let’s start!!Consulting Resume Example: Helen Paul Right Management Consultant Resume Example: Kenneth Blind Right Create your own resumeAfter going through those two excellent examples of Management Consultant resumes for candidates with or without experience, you may already know how to fill out the template you have chosen from our resume builder.To check and have more of your questions answered to, read our section-by-section in-depth guide.TRICKS ON WRITING THE PERSONAL INFO SECTION OF A MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT RESUMEThe personal information section contains all the necessary information needed to contact you. It seems unlikely, but many resumes are discarded just based on personal information. The reason for that is not in the content, but in the manner in which they are presented.The most important thing here is to keep it professional.Let us go through the personal information subsections step by step.Your name Write your full name i.e. your first and last name. Avoid middle names, nicknames, and abbreviations. All of these make you look unprofessional and childish. If the recruiters see something like this, regardless of how strongly you identify with your nickname, for example, the chances of you getting an interview are slim to none.Profession i.e. the job you are applying for. Very often, a company will have more than one position open in that recruitment period so, specifying what you are applying for makes it easier for the recruiters to spot you.Photo â€" providing a photo is not obligatory in a conventional sense. IT is because some countries do not allow resumes with photos, while others require it. Both have valid reasons for that. Check the practices of the country you are applying for a job in, and act accordingly. If a photo is required make sure it is decent, that you are neatly combed and dressed. It should be a one-person headshot with a neutral background. If you do not have such a photo, ask a friend do make it or visit a studio, do not crop existing pictures.Address, e-mail, and phone number â€" those should be valid, and you should be available to answer a call during working hours (this is when you may expect an interview call). Provide your current address. Keep the e-mail professional as well- use trusted platforms like hotmail, Gmail, or yahoo, and make sure that the e-mail is easily connected to your full name.LinkedIn Account â€" Having a professional LinkedIn account is not obligatory, however it is considered that every contemporary job-seeker has one. It is easy to set up and it provides a great online extension to your resume.Additional information drivers’ or other licenses, social media and more. Provide them if you think that they may contribute to your job. E.g. you used social media to promote your consultant company.Name and EmailHelen Paulhelen.paul@yahoo.com RightName and EmailKenny Blind, Kenneth J. BlindOrKenneth B.K. Blindladyhelen@yahoo.com WrongWith our resume builder quickly add or remove sections as you need. And never worry that you will miss providing important information!SUMMARY SECTION TH AT’LL MAKE YOU A CONSULTANT IN NO TIME!Aside from the experience section, the summary section has proven the most difficult to write for the majority of candidates. It is because it seems as if it is almost completely a space to write whatever you want about yourself. It is not.It is your introduction to the recruiters which means it should have certain attention-grabbing aspects.What are those and how do you find them? The information you should include are given in the job description, use them as keywords.If the job description requires that you operate a certain program, say it, if they are looking for an experienced person-mention how much experience you have.Use the job description as a guideline.What are the most common mistakes candidates make on writing the summary?Length â€" the summary should be 2-3 sentences with specific information. Candidates who find it difficult to write about themselves will opt for a short, generic summary. The mistake with it is that it does no t provide any new information rather than restating the obvious “I want the job you are offering”. Others find it easy to write about themselves, and even if they do include some additional information, it gets lost somewhere in those sentences and other information, and the recruiters miss the important stuff.Content â€" When writing a summary you should highlight a couple of your accomplishments, which ones are determined by the job description. However, many candidates choose to put in the summary something that they want to emphasize, but it is not related to education, experience or skills. If that is the case, why include it in the resume at all?SummaryAn experienced, motivated and creative Management Consultant with 10+ years of experience in Management and Marketing is looking for a new job where I can help my clients reach their greatest potential. I am singlehandedly responsible for the 15% increase in sales over the last year in the previous job. Experienced in busine ss strategy and employee training, I am looking for a fresh working environment to progress more and share my experience. RightSummaryExperienced consultant is looking for a new job. WrongUse up our advice and fill in the summary section in the best possible way.WHAT REALLY MATTERS TO POINT OUT IN THE EXPERIENCE SECTIONThe key to writing the experience section is relevance. You should only write down the experience related to the job application. Summer camp tutoring or working in McDonalds before you got your first “real” job is not relevant.Aside from relevance, pay attention to list the experience in the reverse-chronological order. Start with the most recent one.Recruiters consider the experience acquired the latest as something you would be best at, and that is still fresh in your mind.Aside from providing pure facts on when, where, and in which position you have been working, give short descriptions of your duties and accomplishments (two lines each max).Mistakes that ar e made here:Crowding the section with irrelevant jobs making it more difficult for the recruiters to find what they are looking for.Not stating specific accomplishments. Right WrongWriting the experience section is especially tricky if you do not have any experience to show for. In this case, handling this section can make or break your chances at an interview. What is it that you can do?Emphasize your education over your experience. Either put the experience section under the education or leave it altogether. Deciding to write about any experience that is not related to your field of interest, is okay if you have a ready answer to how it prepared you for the job you are looking for.HOW TO WRITE THE EDUCATION SECTION AS A MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTWriting about the education section consists of writing about your formal education, and it may be the easiest part of creating a summary.You should start with the most recent point and work down to the first one. It is important that you state where you got your degree.It is not enough to say “BS in Management” without mentioning the institution in which you have received your degree.So, start by mentioning the school, and then add the accomplishments.If during your college years you have received scholarships, honors and awards, feel free to highlight them.This will show the recruiters that you are one of the rare ones. If you had a specifically noteworthy GPA, mention it.Also, mention the clubs you have participated in.The education section is particularly important if you do not have any experience, or if your experience is so scarce that putting an emphasis on education has more sense.If that is the case, put the education section right under the summary, and leave experience section for later, or leave it out altogether.Other information that you should include are any certificates or licenses that you have obtained, whether online or in continuing education.Make it a point that those information showcase your ability to successfully do the job you are applying for. Scuba-diving certificate does not count.To make things easier, we have provided you with an option to completely remove the sections, so you can choose a template with or without experience section, and you can add (or remove) as many information as you wish! Have filled in your education section yet? Right WrongTHE BEST WAY TO SHOWCASE YOUR MANAGEMENT CONSULTING SKILLSWriting the skills section is seemingly easy, and you might think that there is no room for mistakes there.You just put down everything you are good at, right?Well, wrong.The choice of skills that you want to improve should mirror the skills required in the job description.There is no need that you have them all, and it is not forbidden that you put down more than that, the key is to include those that you have and which match the job description. The choice of other skills that you desire to put down is on you.The thing that you should pay attention to is that you should not include skills that are relevant to the management, consulting or any other aspect of your job. If it somehow helps you do the job well, then include it.You can divide the skills into core skills and soft skills.Core skills are those which directly enable you to do your job like knowing a certain program or for example, accounting if your job will consist of managing finances.Soft skills are the personality traits that enable you to be a great consultant: great time management skills, people skills, communication.When you are listing the skills, establish an order. The usual way is to list the core skills and then the soft ones, however there is no rule that says you cannot reverse it.What you should not do is mix them up, and only for the sake of consistency and order. The recruiters spend only seconds skimming through your resume, so do not confuse them. Right WrongMake sure that you provide the level of knowledge of each skill. The recruiters will have a better picture of whether you are the person for the job if the skills are not just listed all on their own.Pick from a variety of grading options (descriptive, star-based, scale…) from our resume builder.TIPS TRICKS THAT GET MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS HIRED RIGHT AWAYKeep and regularly update a master resume. A master resume is a resume with all your experience, education and personal information. Have them listed at one place so that you do not forget some of it, or if for nothing else, it is quicker and easier to copy information than write it all over again.Tailor-make a resume for each job application. Do not make the mistake of sending out generic resumes, even if you create it on our builder. Even the slightest tweak according to the job description can make a huge difference.Steer clear of highlighting politically colored causes and accomplishments.Do not get discouraged. Finding a perfect job happens overnight only in movies. If you do not get a job that you have applied for that does not mean that you will not get the next one, or the next one.Before sending the resume, make sure to proofread it for either type-Os or content mistakes. Remove information you may find redundant, or add more if you need to. It is also advisable to have somebody else look at it, just so you do not miss something.Try to take a look at your resume from the HRs perspective and try to be as objective as possible. Compare the resume with the job requirements. Here, a colleague’s or a friend’s helpful hand can also point out misses and mistakes.Save your resume in a PDF format- un-editable, nice and neat.Practice answering interview questions. If you do not have an explanation or a reason why certain information found its place on your resume, it is better to remove them. Otherwise, you may seem unprepared.Use our resume builder. It will significantly improve your resume and yo ur resume-creating experience.FINAL THOUGHTSAnd voila- your perfect Management Consultant resume!We, here at Cleverism sincerely hope that you will get your dream job!   We have given you all the necessary information and showed you our best tips and tricks to create a resume that will help you achieve that.If you follow the guidelines you will surely be noticed among others, we are sure of that!Our last advice for you is to keep improving, master new skills that can help you be a better Management Consultant, invest in furthering your education, your current employers will appreciate that, and when you decide that it is time that you moved on, it will be easier to choose what to put on your next resume. Good luck! Create your own resume

Key Differences Between IFRS and AAOIFI Research Assignment - 275 Words

Key Differences Between IFRS and AAOIFI Research Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: Differences between AAOIFI and IASB standardsNameCourseProfessorUniversityDateIslamic AccountingPart 1Buy and sell over loan contractsIt is referred as Bai-Inah in Islamic finance. The bank sells an asset to a client and later repurchase it at a discount hence creating debt. It is opposite of a Murabahah contract where a client sells an asset to the bank and repurchases it at cost-plus-profit. Under the Bai-Inah contract, the bank has no intention to sell its assets to the clients, and the conditions are that upon completion of the property transfer to the client the asset is resold back to the bank. There is a debate if it is Hilah as its only economic value is to create debt. One of the features of this type of contract is that it provides a clear flow of buy and sell off an asset emulating an underlying transaction. Another feature provides clear documentation of the transaction to show the sequential order of the sell and buy off the contract. Bai-Inah contract sh ows clear demarcation between a buyer, seller, offer, value, and asset (Islam, 2015). The selling and purchase price is agreed, and terms cannot be tampered with without consent. Though this type of contract is not allowed, Malaysia has allowed it since the Shariah scholars there consider it as valid.Form over substanceAccording to the IFRS, the principle of substance over form is the concept of the reliability of financial statements. A financial statement which is reliable is one that reflects transactions in their true nature rather than in their legal form. However, AAOIFI prefers the principle of form over substance where they emphasis on the legal nature of a financial transaction rather than its economic benefits. The preference of this principle by AAOIFI is seen on their standard on leasing. They recognize the obligations and rights of the contractual parties which are reflected by the legal form of the contract. The legal form of Islamic contracts is considered fully vali d even when the contracts do not have economic substance.An example where the principle of form over substance is used is in the execution of BBA financing. A BBA contract is where a bank acts as a seller to a client and sells the goods at cost price plus a predetermined markup. The client determines the goods he needs from a supplier and the bank purchases the goods from the provider and then sell them to the client at a higher price. The client then repays the bank in installments for a specific period. It enables the bank to evade giving the prohibited interest-based loans. A BBA contract is allowed by AAOIFI since it is considered as a trading activity where the seller is the bank and the purchaser is the customer. The legal form of this financial transaction is given more emphasis than the economic benefits. However, the economic substance and legal form of a BBA contract are the same (Ismail and Sori, 2017).Time value of moneyThe AAOIFI rejects the concept of time value of mon ey, as is shown in the Statement of Financial Accounting 2. It is haram for financial institutions to make money out of money since money is considered worthless by itself in Islam. The definition of money in Islam is different from the conventional way of defining money. In Islam, money is only a medium of exchange and is considered capital when combined with other resources. The inability of money to produce itself means that it would be unjust to assign the time value to it as it must be joined with other resources for it to gain value. The concept of time value of money is rejected since no interest is charged (Rosman et al., 2016). However, some critics argue that although interest is prohibited, it would be appropriate to show a financing effect of a financial transaction.Islam prohibits people from making a profit out of currency they have received before being given its counter-value as valuation is only done when the trade of goods is complete, not when the loans or debts a re given. Thus, qard is stated on maturity rather than up front. Any increment in Islamic finance is set by the debtor and is voluntary.Reconciling the differencesThe differences between the AAOIFI and IASB standards are mainly of the time value of money, form over substance and loan contracts. Some of these differences cannot be reconcilable as the conventional way of doing it is haram from an Islamic point of view. The time value of money in the conventional way as applied by the IASB is where the present value of money is always greater than its future value, with the interest rate being the discounting factor. In Islam, interest is prohibited and hence the time value of money cannot be used (Hanif, 2014). However, though interest is prohibited in Islam, use of time value of money can be necessary to show the financing effect of transactions. Presently, time value of money is not acceptable in Islam.The legal and economic nature of a financial transaction is a point of debate bet ween the AAOIFI and IASB. IASB prefers substance over form principle while the AAOIFI prefers the form over substance principle. An Islamic perspective will emphasis on a legal nature of a transaction rather than the economic benefit. The loan contracts are also handled differently by the two regimes where AAOIFI standards ensure that banks do not charge interest they give their clients. AAOIFI only establishes standards to be applied in situations where the IFRS are contrary to the beliefs of Islam or when IFRS have not set any standards for products unique only to Islamic Finance. The reconciliation process between AAOIFI and IASB is still at the early stages, and a solution will be hard to arrive at due to the different principles being applied by the two regimes.Part 2Financing leaseAccording to IASB, a financing lease is a lease where a lessor buys an asset for a lessee and rents it to the lessee for a specified period. The lessee is in a similar position as if they had bought the asset themselves. The lessors reward is the rent they charge the lessee and retains ownership of the asset until the complete payments have been paid. However, the lessee has exclusive use of the asset. For a lease to be considered a financing lease, the following tests have to be met: The lessor has to hand over the ownership of the asset to the lessee at the end of the lease period. The lease period runs through the bigger part of the economic life of the asset, even if the ownership transfer of the asset is not done. At the beginning of the lease, the present value of the present value of all the lease payments has to be at least the fair value of the asset. The asset leased have to be specialized in nature such that they can be used without major modifications. If the lessee is allowed to cancel the lease, any losses incurred by the lessor are transferred to the lessee. Any fluctuations in the fair value of the residual leading to gains or losses fall to th e lessee. The lessee/ hirer can continue the lease for a subsequent period paying a rent lower than the market rent.How can a firm using AAOIFI standards mimic economics of financing leasing?Firms that use AAOIFI standards can gain the economics of financing leasing through Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek. Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek literary means to give something on a stream of rental payments. It can also be defined as a process where the usufruct of a property is transferred to the lessee in exchange for rewards in the form of rental payments. It is a contract that has three major elements: form, two parties and subject matter. The form includes an offer and acceptance. The contract has to have two parties, a lessor, and a lessee. The subject matter of Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek includes the consideration and the benefit from the utilization of the asset leased (Sarea, 2012). In an Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek contract, the ownership of the leased asset to the lessee at the end of t he Ijarah term.There are five different ways with which the transfer of ownership of the asset can be done. The first is a gift at the end of the period of the lease. The transfer of the ownership of the asset is done under no consideration to the lessee. The second way is through the sale of the asset to the lessee for a token consideration the end of the lease period. The token must be agreed by the two parties. The third way is through the sale of the asset at the end of the period of Ijarah for an amount specified in the lease. There must be a promise to enter into a sale contract which includes the amount to be paid at the end of a lease period. The fourth way is selling the asset any time during the Ijarah period for an amount equal to installments remaining. The fifth way of transferring ownership of the asset is through the gradual transfer of the title. The price has to be determined so that a proportionate share of the asset is transferred at every period.Firms using AAOIF I standards can use the Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek contract to mimic the economics of a financing lease.Accounting treatment of Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek and financing leaseAccounting treatment of Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek in the books of the lessor1. Accounting treatment when the bank purchases the asset on behalf of the client.Dr Advance against IjarahCr Pay orderDr CashCr Security deposit2. When the lessee receives the assetDr Asset acquired for IjarahCr Advance against Ijarah3. Accruals of income when dueDr Rental receivableCr Rental income4. When receiving rental paymentsDr Party Bank A/cCr Ijarah rental receivable5. At maturity of Ijarah contractDr Security DepositCr Party Bank A/cDr Party Bank A/cCr Asset acquired for Ijarah at wdvAccounting t...

Is The Issue Of Stem Cell Research Essay - 2140 Words

Is It Our Turn To Be Healed? Stem cell research has become an important part of medical research in the past few years. Embryonic stem cell research is controversial because of the blurred lines in the moral viewpoints of many people. These embryonic stem cells are pure and are easily manipulated to fit any type of cell needed. This is useful in the testing of new drugs and treatments of permanent or incurable diseases such as ALS and MS. Adult stem cells are also useful in research, but they are already specialized which makes them only useful for the type of cell they come from. Stem cells are the basic building blocks of our body; they are the built-in first aid kit that repairs our body after damage has occurred (Freudenrich Watson, 2004). Our body naturally supplies stem cells, but as our body matures, the stem cells do as well. These mature stem cells become specialized to a specific type of tissue and cannot be used for any other place in the body. As we get older, our body produces less of these stem cells, which causes adults to heal less quickly than children. There are four types of stem cells: embryonic, fetal, adult, and induced. Adult stem cells have already been a major resource in medical research. With the use of these stem cells, we have found new treatments and tested new drugs that could eventually be used to cure some of our toughest diseases. Although these cells have already jump-started our research, it is harder to use these stem cells becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Stem Cell Research858 Words   |  4 PagesCatholics are absolu tely against embryonic stem cell research. News is already talking about how the Catholics approve for stem cell research but inside of an interview with Catholic News Service Nancy O’Brien wrote: â€Å"Declaring that the stem-cell research does not present a conflict between science and religion, the U.S bishops overwhelmingly approved a statement June 13th calling the use of human embryos in such research â€Å"gravely immoral† and unnecessary† (O’Brien â€Å"Catholic News Service†). As youRead MoreThe Issue Of Stem Cell Research1675 Words   |  7 Pageswas science fiction has become today s science reality. In this age, one can replicate many types of specific cells, such as blood, brain, tissue or muscle cells from a single stem cell. These stem cells, in theory can be used to heal or replace damage cells in our bodies thus curing us of certain diseases. These stem cells are the basic cells to develop any type of organism and its research is not allowed without incredible controversy. As one might imagine, such potential power has been seen as unethicalRead MoreThe Issue Of Stem Cell Research1218 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause of the cells inside us. It’s called stem cell research and it could be the first step in medical revolution where we’ll be able to heal our bodies of any illness. Unfortunately, due to the controversies surrounding stem cell research, the government is unwilling to help and remain neutral with sides. Scientists first discovered stem cells in the early 1980s while experimenting with embryonic stem cells from mice. This later triggered the studies for human embryonic stem cells in the late 1990sRead MoreThe Issue Of Stem Cell Research1240 Words   |  5 Pageswith the proper research into stem cells to treat injury or disease. However, the procedures followed for the research of stem cells have stirred up a hefty amount of controversy in the past and the present. Stem Cell research has been argued to be an ethical choice due to its possibilities for simplified treatments in the future, yet it is controversial due to the destruction of embryos, and the undecided moral status of the embryo, which is why scientists should do their research with non-embryonicRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalizing Stem Cell Research2200 Words   |  9 PagesLegalizing Stem Cell Research Being one of the most exciting and promising fields of medical research, embryonic stem cell research has progressed over the years going more in depth to discover the key to unlock the cure to many diseases. These unique individuals have the ability to copy themselves an unlimited amount of times and can grow into any cell type in the body. Scientists are seeing infinite value in these cells. They are able to further their research on the understanding of human developmentRead MoreThe Issues Surrounding Stem Cell Research1262 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"At its core, this issue forces us to confront fundamental questions about the beginnings of life and the ends of science. It [stem cell research] lies at a difficult moral intersection, juxtaposing the need to protect life in all its phases with the prospect of saving and improving life in all its stages.† George W. Bush in his address at the Bush Ranch in Texas precisely captures the essence of the issues surrounding stem c ells. â€Å"Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the capabilityRead MoreThe Issue Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1391 Words   |  6 Pagesaccomplish. In order to do this, many believe that embryonic stem cell research could be the key to unlocking a variety of medical problems. However, in the early 2000’s, the United States saw a significant decrease in federal funding available for this research. This could set back the medical advances by years if researchers could not continue their work. A decrease in restrictions while increasing federal funding for embryonic stem cell research is vital for taking steps forward in ethically findingRead MoreLegal Issues Regarding Stem Cell Research1666 Words   |  7 PagesStem Cell Research Legislation and Legal Issues: A stem cell can be described as the primary building block of the human body and have become important because of its ability to develop into a different cell type. Due to this ability to develop into different cell types, scientists have continued to build up ways to use stem cells to renew or repair damaged tissues or organs. As a result of such efforts, its expected that stem cell research can contribute to the discovery of new therapies forRead MoreEthical Issues Surrounding Stem Cell Research4683 Words   |  19 PagesIntroduction Stem cell research, one of the most exciting and controversial ethical issues in medicine today, continuously makes headlines with new developments. This topic concerns medical professionals, scientists, ethics forums, and even politicians, but many people do not know what to conclude from the controversy surrounding it. Dr. Elizabeth Crouch1, a genetics professor of the Biomedical Science Department of Texas A M University, argues that it is vital that students entering medicineRead MoreEthical Issues Brought Forth by Stem Cell Research1016 Words   |  4 Pagespotential cure for cancer? Stem cells are the future, but it may come with a heavy price. The potential benefits of stem cells are unbelievable. Stem cells could save many lives. Imagine not having to worry about organ transplants or having diabetes. But stem cells bring many issues with them too. Is killing embryos ever ok? Should cloning be allowed in stem cell research? This is a very complex topic that changes directio ns every day. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to renew

Women of the Tenth Century Notable Medieval Women

In the tenth century, a few women achieved power but almost entirely through their fathers, husbands, sons, and grandsons. Some even served as regents for their sons and grandsons. As Europes Christianization became nearly complete, it was more common for women to achieve power by founding monasteries, churches, and convents. Womens value to royal families was mainly as childbearers and as pawns to move around in dynastic marriages. Occasionally, women (like Aethelflaed) led military forces, or (like Marozia and Theodora) wielded direct political power. A few women (like Andal, Lady Li, and Hrosvitha) achieved prominence as artists and writers. Saint Ludmilla:  840 - 916 Ludmilla raised and educated her grandson, a duke, and the future Saint Wenceslaus. Ludmilla was key in the Christianization of her country. She was murdered by her daughter-in-law Drahomira, a nominal Christian. Ludmilla was married to Borivoj, who was the first Christian Duke of Bohemia. Ludmilla and Borivoj were baptized about 871. Conflict over religion drove them from their country, but they were soon recalled and ruled together for seven years more.  Ludmilla and Borivoj then resigned and turned over rule to their son Spytihnev, who died two years later. Another son Vratislav then succeeded. Married to Drahomira, a nominal Christian, he left his eight-year-old son Wenceslaus to rule. Wenceslaus had been raised and educated by Ludmilla. Another son (perhaps a twin) Boreslav the Cruel was raised and educated by his father and mother. Ludmilla continued to influence her grandson, Wenceslaus. Reportedly, pagan nobles stirred up Drahomira against Ludmilla, resulting in the murder of Ludmilla, with Drahomiras participation. Stories say she was strangled by her veil by noblemen at Drahomiras instigation. Ludmilla is venerated as a patron saint of Bohemia. Her feast day is September 16. Father: Slavibor, Prince of Psov(?)Mother: unknownHusband: Borivoj (Boriwoi), Duke of BohemiaChildren:Spytihnev (Spitignev)Vratislav (Wratislaw, Radislav) I, Duke of Bohemia; married DrahomiraGrandchildren:Boreslav (Boleslaw, Boleslaus) I the CruelSaint Wenceslaus (Wenceslas, Vyacheslav) I, Duke of BohemiaStrezislava of Bohemia (?) Aethelflaed, Lady of the Mercians: ? - 918 Aethelflaed was a daughter of Alfred the Great. Aethelflaed became a political and military leader when her husband was killed in battle with the Danes in 912. She went on to unify Mercia. Aelfthryth (877 - 929) She’s known mainly as a genealogical link of Anglo Saxon kings to the Anglo-Norman dynasty. Her father was Alfred the Great, her mother Ealhswith, and her siblings included Aethelflaed, Lady of the Mercians, Aethelgifu, Edward the Elder, Aethelweard. Aelfthryth was raised and educated with her brother, Edward, a future king. She was married to Baldwin II  of Flanders in 884, as a way of solidifying an alliance between the English and the Flemish to oppose the Vikings. When her father, Alfred, died in 899, Aelfthryth inherited several properties in England from him. She donated several of these to the abbey of St. Peter in Ghent. Aelfthryths  husband Baldwin II died in 915. In 917, Aelfthryth had his bodied moved to the abbey of St. Peter. Her son, Arnulf, became the count of Flanders after his fathers death. His descendant Baldwin V was the father of  Matilda of Flanders  who married William the Conqueror. Because of Aelfthryths heritage as a daughter of the Saxon king, Alfred the Great, the marriage of Matilda to the future Norman king, William, brought the heritage of the Saxon kings back into the royal line. Husband: Baldwin II, Count of Flanders, son of  Judith of France, who had briefly been a stepmother and then sister-in-law to Aelfthrgyths father, Alfred the Great (married 884)Children: Arnulf I of Flanders, Adalulf, Count of Boulogne, Ealswid, Ermentrud Also known as:  Eltrudes (Latin), Elstrid Theodora: ? - 928 She was a senatrix and serenissima vestaratrix of Rome. She was the grandmother of Pope John XI; her influence and that of her daughters was called the Rule of the Harlots or the pornocracy. Not to be confused with the Byzantine empress Theodora.  This Theodora’s alleged lover, Pope John X, whose election as Pope she supported, was allegedly murdered by Theodora’s daughter, Marozia, whose father was Theodora’s first, Theophylact. Theodora is also credited as the grandmother of Pope John XI and great-grandmother of Pope John XII. Theodora and her husband Theophylact were key influences during the papacies of Sergius III and Anastasius III. Later stories associated Sergius III with  Marozia, daughter of Theophylact and Theodora, and claim that the future Pope John XI was their illegitimate son, born when Marozia was only 15 years old. When John X was elected Pope it was also with the support of Theodora and Theophylact. Some stories claim that John X and Theodora were lovers. Husband: TheophylactDaughter: MaroziaDaughter: Theodora (confused by historian Edward Gibon with her mother)Rumored to be the mistress of Pope John X and Pope Sergius III An example of historians judgment of Theodora and Marozia: Towards the beginning of the tenth century a powerful noble, Theophylact, aided by his beautiful and unscrupulous wife, Theodora, secured control of Rome. Their daughter  Marozia  became the central figure of a corrupt society which completely dominated both the city and the papacy. Marozia herself married as her third husband Hugh of Provence, then king of Italy. One of her sons became pope as John XI ( 931-936), while another, Alberic, assumed the title of prince and senator of the Romans and ruled Rome, appointing four popes in the years 932 to 954. (from: John L. Lamonte,  The World of the Middle Ages: A Reorientation of Medieval History, 1949. p. 175.) Olga of Russia: about 890 - 969 Olga of Kiev was the first known woman to rule Russia, the first Russian ruler to adopt Christianity, the first Russian saint in the Orthodox Church. She was the widow of Igor I, regent for their son. She is known for her role in bringing Christianity to official status in Russia. Marozia: about 892-about 937 Marozia was the daughter of the powerful Theodora (above), as well as allegedly mistress of Pope Sergius III. She was the mother of Pope John XI (by her first husband Alberic or by Sergius) and of another son Alberic who stripped the papacy of much secular power and whose son became Pope John XII.  See her mother’s listing for a quote about Marozia. Saint Matilda of Saxony: about 895 - 986 Matilda of Saxony was the Empress of Germany (the Holy Roman Empire), married to the Holy Roman Emperor Henry I. She was the founder of monasteries and builder of churches. She was the mother of Emperor Otto I, Duke Henry of Bavaria, St. Bruno, Gerberga who married Louis IV of France and Hedwig, whose son Hugh Capet founded a French royal dynasty. Raised by her grandmother, an abbess, Saint Matilda of Saxony was, as were so many royal women, married off for political purposes. In her case, it was to Henry the Fowler of Saxony, who became King of Germany. During her life in Germany Saint Matilda of Saxony founded several abbeys and was noted for her charity. Her feast day was March 14. Saint Edith of Polesworth: about 901 - 937 Daughter of Hugh Capet of England and widow Sigtryggr Gale, King of Dublin and York, Edith became a nun at Polesworth Abbey and Tamworth Abbey and abbess at Tamworth. Also known as:  Eadgyth, Edith of Polesworth, Edith of Tamworth One of perhaps two Ediths who were daughters of King Edward the Elder of England, the history of Saint Edith is ambiguous. Attempts to trace her life identify the mother of this Edith (Eadgyth) as Ecgwyn. Saint Ediths brother, Aethelstan, was King of England 924-940. Edith or Eadgyth was married in 925 to Sigtryggr Gale, King of Dublin and York. Their son Olaf Cuarà ¡n Sitricsson also became King of Dublin and York. After her husbands death, she became a nun and, eventually, abbess at Tamworth Abbey in Gloucestershire. Alternatively, Saint Edith may have been a sister of King Edgar the Peaceful and therefore an aunt of Edith of Wilton. After her death in 937, Saint Edith was canonized; her feast day is July 15. Edith of England: about 910 - 946 Edith of England was the daughter of King Edward the Elder of England, and the first wife of Emperor Otto I of Germany, One of two Ediths who were daughters of King Edward the Elder of England, the mother of this Edith (Eadgyth) is variously identified as Aelflaeda (Elfleda) or Edgiva (Eadgifu). Her brother and half-brothers were kings of England: Aethelstan, Aelfweard, Edmund I and Eadred. Typically for the female offspring of royal rulers, she was married to another expected ruler, but far from home. She married Otto I the Great  of Germany, later Holy Roman Emperor, about 929. (Otto married again; his second wife was  Adelaide.) Edith (Eadgyth) is interred at St. Maurice Cathedral, Magdeburg, Germany. Also known as: Eadgyth Hrosvitha von Gandersheim: about 930 - 1002 Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim wrote the first plays known to be written by a woman, and she is the first known European woman poet after Sappho. She was also a canoness and a chronicler. Her name translates as strong voice. Also known as: Hroswitha, Hrostsvit, Hrotsvithae, Hrosvitha of Gandersheim Saint Adelaide: 931 - 999 Empress Adelaide was Western empress from 962 (consort of Otto I) and later was regent for Otto III from 991-994 with her daughter-in-law Theophano. Daughter of Rudolf II of Burgundy, Adelaide was married to Lothair, king of Italy. After Lothair died in 950 —perhaps poisoned by Berengar II who seized the throne for his son—she was taken a prisoner in 951 by Berengar II who wanted her to marry his son. Otto I the Great of Saxony rescued Adelaide and defeated Berengar, declared himself king of Italy, and then married Adelaide. His first wife was  Edith, daughter of Edward the Elder. When he was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor on February 2, 962, Adelaide was crowned as Empress. She turned to religious activity, promoting monasticism. Together they had five children. When Otto I died and her son, Otto II, succeeded to the throne, Adelaide continued to influence him until 978. He married  Theophano, a Byzantine princess, in 971, and her influence gradually superseded that of Adelaide. When Otto II died in 984, his son, Otto III, succeeded him, though he was only three years old. Theophano, the childs mother, was in control until 991 with Adelaides support, and then Adelaide ruled for him 991-996. Michitsuna no haha: about 935 – about 995 Japanese poet who wrote The Kagero Diary, documenting life in the Japanese court. The diary is known for its critique of marriage.  Her name means â€Å"Mother of Michitsuna.† She was the wife of a Japanese official whose descendants by his first wife were rulers of Japan. Michitsunas diary stands as a classic in literary history. In documenting her own troubled marriage, she helped document that aspect of 10th century Japanese culture. The Kagero Diary (The Gossamer Years) Theophano: 943? – after 969 Theophano was the wife of Byzantine emperors Romanus II and Nicephorus II, and regent for her sons Basil II and Constantine VIII. Her daughters Theophano and Anna married important 10th-century rulers -- the Western emperor and Vladimir I the Great of Russia. Theophanos first marriage was to the Byzantine Emperor Romanus II, whom she was able to dominate. Theophano, along with a eunuch, Joseph Bringus, essentially ruled in her husbands place. She was alleged to have poisoned Romanus II in 963, after which she served as regent for her sons Basil II and Constantine VIII. She married Nicephorus II on September 20, 963, barely a month after he became emperor, displacing her sons.  He ruled until 969 when he was assassinated by a conspiracy that included John I Tzimisces, whose mistress she had become.  Polyeuctus, the patriarch of Constantinople, forced him to banish Theophano to a convent and punish the other murderers. Her daughter Theophano (below) married Otto II, the Western emperor, and her daughter Anna married Vladimir I of Kiev. (Not all sources agree that these were their daughters.) An example of a highly-charged opinion of Theophano—a few quotes from the lengthy  The World of the Middle Ages: A Reorientation of Medieval History  by John L. Lamonte, 1949 (pp. 138-140): he death of Constantine VII was caused in all probability by poison administered to him by his son, Romanus II, at the instigation of his wife Theophano. This Theophano was a notorious courtesan, the daughter of a tavern keeper, who had won the affection of the young Romanus, a dissipated and generally worthless youth, so that he married her and associated her on the throne. With her father-in-law removed and her debauched husband on the throne, Theophano took into her own hands the reins of power, ruling with the advice of the eunuch Joseph Bringas, an old functionary of Constantines.... Romanus departed this world in 963 leaving Theophano a widow at the age of twenty with two small sons, Basil and Constantine. What could be more natural than that the widowed empress should seek a supporter and helpmate in the gallant soldier? Bringas attempted to assume the custody for the two young princes at the death of their father, but Theophano and the patriarch engaged in an unholy alliance to confer the government on the hero Nicephorus†¦. Theophano saw herself now the wife of a new and handsome emperor. But she had been duped; when the patriarch refused to recognize Tzmisces as emperor until he had driven from the Sacred Palace the adulteress . . . who had been the chief mover in the crime he cheerfully repudiated Theophano, who was banished to a nunnery (she was then 27 years old). Emma, Queen of Franks: about 945 – after 986 Emma was married to Lothaire, King of the Franks. Mother of King Louis V of the Franks, Emma is alleged to have poisoned her son in 987. After his death, Hugh Capet succeeded to the throne, ending the Carolingian dynasty and beginning the Capetian. Aelfthryth: 945 - 1000 Aelfthryth was an English Saxon queen, married to King Edgar the Peaceable. After Edgar’s death, she may have helped end the life of her stepson Edward the Martyr so that her son could become King as Aethelred (Ethelred) II the Unready.  Aelfthryth  or Elfrida was the first queen of England known to have been crowned with that title. Also known as:  Elfrida, Elfthryth Her father was Earl of Devon, Ordgar. She married Edgar who died in 975 and was his second wife. Aelfthryth is sometimes credited with organizing, or being part of, a 978 assassination of her stepson Edward the Martyr so that her 10-year-old son Ethelred II the Unready could succeed. Her daughter, Aethelfleda or Ethelfleda, was abbess at Romsey. Theophano: 956? - 991 This Theophano, possibly the daughter of the Byzantine empress Theophano (above) and emperor Romanus II, married the western emperor Otto II (Rufus) in 972. The marriage had been negotiated as part of a treaty between John Tzmisces, ruling for the princes who were Theophanos brothers, and Otto I. Otto I died the next year. When Otto II died in 984, his son, Otto III, succeeded him, though he was only three years old. Theophano, as the childs mother, was in control until 991. In 984 the Duke of Bavaria (Henry the Quarrelsome) kidnapped Otto III but was forced to turn him over to Theophano and her mother-in-law  Adelaide. Adelaide ruled for Otto III after Theophano died in 991. Otto III also married a Theophano, also of Byzantium. This Theophanos sister, Anna (below), married Vladimir I of Russia. Saint Edith of Wilton: 961 - 984 The illegitimate daughter of Edgar the Peaceable, Edith became a nun at the convent at Wilton, where her mother (Wulfthryth or Wilfrida) was also a nun. King Edgar was forced to do penance for kidnapping Wulfthryth from the convent.  Wulfthryth returned to the convent when she was able to escape, taking Edith with her. Edith was reportedly offered the crown of England by nobles who had supported one half-brother, Edward the Martyr, against her other half-brother, Aelthelred the Unready. Her feast day is September 16, the day of her death. Also known as:  Eadgyth, Ediva Anna: 963 - 1011 Anna was a Byzantine princess, probably the daughter of the Byzantine Empress  Theophano (above) and Byzantine Emperor Romanus II, and thus the sister of Basil II (though occasionally identified as Basils daughter) and, sister of the western empress, another Theophano (also above), Basil arranged for Anna to be married to Vladimir I of Kiev, called the Great, in 988. This marriage is sometimes credited for Vladimirs conversion to Christianity (as has the influence of his grandmother, Olga). His previous wives had been pagans as he had been before 988.  After the baptism, Basil tried to back out of the marriage agreement, but Vladimir invaded the Crimea and Basil relented. Annas arrival brought significant Byzantine cultural influence to Russia. Their daughter married Karol the Restorer of Poland. Vladimir was killed in an uprising in which some of his former wives and their children participated. Sigrid the Haughty: about 968 – before 1013 Legendary queen (perhaps mythical), Sigrid refused to marry King Olaf of Norway because it would have required her to give up her faith and become Christian. Also known as:  Sigrid the Strong-Minded, Sigrid the Proud, Sigrà ­Ãƒ ° Tà ³stadà ³ttir, Sigrà ­Ãƒ ° Stà ³rrà ¡Ãƒ °a, Sigrid Storrà ¥da Most likely a legendary character, Sigrid the Haughty (once assumed to be an actual person) is noted for her defiance. The chronicle of King Olaf of Norway says that when it was arranged for Sigrid to marry Olaf, she refused because it would have required her to convert to Christianity. She helped organize opponents of Olaf who, later, defeated the Norwegian King. According to the stories that mention Sigrid, she was married to Eric VI Bjornsson, King of Sweden, and was the mother of Olaf III of Sweden and of Holmfrid who married Svend I of Denmark. Later, perhaps after she and Eric divorced, she is supposed to have married Sweyn of Denmark (Sveyn Forkbeard) and is cited as the mother of Estrith or Margaret of Denmark, who married Richard II the Good of Normandy. Aelfgifu about 985 - 1002 Aelfgifu was the first wife of King Aethelread Unraed (Ethelred) the Unready, and probably the mother of his son Edmund II  Ironside who briefly ruled as King of England. Also known as:  Aelflaed, Elfreda, Elgiva Aelfgifus life shows one fact of womens existence in the tenth century: little is known of her besides her name. The first wife of Aethelred the Unready (from Unraed meaning bad or evil counsel), her parentage is disputed and she disappears from the record early in his long conflict with the Danes which resulted in the overthrow of Aethelred for Sweyn in 1013, and his subsequent brief return to control 1014-1016.  We dont know for sure whether Aelfgifu died or whether Aethelred put her aside for his second wife,  Emma of Normandy  whom he married in 1002. While the facts arent known for certain, Aelfgifu is usually credited as the mother of Aethelreds six sons and as many as five daughters, one of whom was the abbess at Wherwell. Aelfgifu was thus probably the mother of Aethelreds son Edmund II Ironside, who ruled briefly until Sweyns son, Cnut (Canute), defeated him in battle. Edmund was allowed by the treaty to rule in Wessex and Cnut ruled the rest of England, but Edmund died in the same year, 1016, and Cnut consolidated his power, marrying Aethelreds second wife and widow,  Emma of Normandy. Emma was the mother of Aethelreds sons Edward and Alfred and daughter Godgifu. These three fled to Normandy where Emmas brother ruled as Duke. Another Aelfgifu is mentioned as the first wife of Cnut, mother of Cnuts sons Sweyn and Harold Harefoot. Andal: Dates Unsure Andal was an Indian poet who wrote devotional poetry to Krishna. A few hagiographies survive of Andal, a poet in Tamil Nadu who wrote devotional poetry to Krishna in which her own personality comes alive at times. Two devotional poems by Andal are known and are still used in worship. Adopted by her father (Perilyalwar or Periyalwar) who finds her as a baby, Andal avoids earthly marriage, the normal and expected path for women of her culture, to marry Vishnu, both spiritually and physically. She is sometimes known by a phrase which means she who gave garlands that had been worn. Her name translates as savior or saint, and she is also known as Saint Goda. An annual holy day honors Andal. The Vaishnava tradition honors Shrivilliputtur as the birthplace of Andal. The Nacciyar Tirumoli, which is about the love of Andal for Vishnu and Andal as beloved, is a Vaishnava marriage classic. Her exact dates are unknown but are likely to have been the ninth or tenth centuries. Sources include: Phillip B. Wagoner. Tidings of the King. 1993.Joseph T. Shipley. Encyclopedia of Literature. 1946. Lady Li: Dates Unsure Lady Li was a Chinese artist from Shu (Sichuan) who is credited with beginning an artistic tradition by tracing on her paper window with a brush the shadows cast by the moon and bamboo, thus inventing monochromatic brush painting of bamboo. The Taoist writer Chuang-tzu also uses the name Lady Li for a parable about clinging to life in the face of death. Kang-i Chang.  Women Writers of Traditional China: An Anthology of Poetry and Criticism. 1999. (mentions Lady Li briefly)Marsha Weidner.  Flowering in the Shadows: Women in the History of Chinese and Japanese Painting.  1990. Zahra: Dates Unsure She was the favorite wife of Caliph Adb-er-Rahman III. She inspired the palace of al-Zahra near Cordoba, Spain. Ende: Dates Unsure Ende was a German artist, the first known female manuscript illustrator.

Political Parties in American Government Not for the People - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 618 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Political Parties Essay Did you like this example? According to President Abraham Lincoln the government was made by the people and for the people. That being said, in my opinion democracy is not about policy, it is about process. It is about how you achieve the results of the policies that they want to implement on the people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Political Parties in American Government Not for the People" essay for you Create order Therefore political parties are seen by many as irrelevant to the political and governmental system because of a myth. This myth is known as the myth of party irrelevance, which has created mixed emotions within American citizens for good reasons about how they feel and see political parties today. Love them or hate them as of now the United States has a two party system which are Republicans and Democrats. These parties help the political and governmental systems to function but are not essential because there are alternative processes for a better political system. These parties are mainly utilized to keep order in the political world and control functions of the federal government but at what cost? Many believe that these parties have too much power than they should. Tough the objectives of these parties are the same there are many differences on the way they both think. This results in parties focusing on what is best for the parties and not for the people. In the world of polit ics power makes the world go round and round. But just how much power is bad? I get that for a successful democracy there must be power to create authority for there to even be a government. According to Edwards (2011) Patricians and party activist of these two parties control the outcomes of mostly everything within the political system not the votes of the people. Party activists control access to the ballot through closed party primaries and conventions; partisan leaders design congressional districts. Once elected to Congress, our representatives are divided into warring camps. Partisans decide what bills to take up, what witnesses to hear, what amendments to allow (Edwards, 2011). In other words political parties are so powerful that they found a way to out rule their votes over the peoples votes. This is done through political laws known as the sore loser laws that come in to play in the November elections. A candidate who losses during a party primary or convention is denied a place on the November ballot because parties activist have the ability to deny their endorsement to any candidate they see as a target or simply not like. By parties having so much power to be able to do this is just unreal and chaotic. Even if the majority of the peoples vote preferred the candidates that are eliminated those people that voted simply lost their opportunity to vote. According to Zuckerman (2014) by allowing partisan leaders to design the congressional districts, that puts the candidates that represent the rich districts on top and the candidates that represent the poor districts at the bottom. Edwards (2012) states that federal government also decides when to declare war establish tax policies, create federal programs, how much money and resources to spend on them, approve peace treaties, who will sit at the Supreme Court. These are all congressional powers that the people cannot interfere with. One has to remember that wealth in politics can get you a long way just like president Trump. For the Republicans and Democrat parties, it seems that power is their main priority and that just leads to a battle for power putting the needs of the people aside. The reality of the political system today is that the people are not the drivers no more. According to Edwards (2012) people have been limited to only being able to elect members of the senate and house representatives.

The Ambitious Marc Antony in Julius Caesar - 996 Words

The Ambitious Marc Antony in Julius Caesar nbsp; The tragic and untimely death of Julius Caesar, a condemned Roman tyrant, triggered William Shakespeares creativity. In his play Julius Caesar Shakespeare writes of the treacherous conspirators, Marcus Brutus and Caius Cassius, and their plans to assassinate their Roman leader, Julius Caesar. The story continues to explain how Caesars loyal friend, Marc Antony, helps avenge the brutal murder. After Antony receives soldiers to fight his battle, his character begins to change. Thenbsp; fair and faithful Marc Antony transforms to a darker and more deceitful character. Marc Antony is not suitable to rule Rome because he holds a grand desire of great power, his conceit†¦show more content†¦In Act Three Marcus Brutus changes the peoples opinion of the death of Caesar instantly. He convinces them that the assassination should not be considered evil, but seen as to the only way to survive while remaining free. The citizens of Rome trust and respect Brutus and believe him. Then Marc Antony convinces the people to come to a different conclusion than that portrayed by Brutus and his honorable men. The crowd believes Antony that the conspirators committed this crime through jealousy, greed and the desire to limit Julius Caesars growing authority. At first Marc Antony only plants a minor idea in the publics mind, allowing them to think about and discuss the new information presented to them. This method initiates the contemplation of serious issues for the crowd of citizens who need no more than this to come to their own opinion concerning what took place (III, 2, 62-106). Marc Antony then stirs his audience with emotions every person in Rome can relate to, focusing on guilt and anger. These passions intertwine, for when the crowd begins to feel guilty, they also start to become enraged. Marc Antony creates a dangerous situation with his riled audience and the possession of information that sets them over the edge into being an unforgiving m ob (III, 2, 107-259). Having a serious effect on an audience is important when trying to be understood fully, however revenge is a dangerous topic especially when beingShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar 884 Words   |  4 PagesGustav Berner Mrs. Hillard Honors English 10 - F 15 January 2015 Julius Caesar Discussion 1.) Brutus’ trust in others and his love of Rome are his greatest faults. His tragic flaw is the trust he places in others. Brutus is easily swayed to trust Cassius when he plots to kill Caesar. Cassius uses his cunning to trick Brutus into believing Caesar is ambitious and that he is killing Caesar for the good of Rome. Cassius says to Brutus, â€Å"Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world like a Colossus, andRead MoreEssay on Marc Antony’s Funeral Oration1470 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Mark Antony pleads with his â€Å"Friends, Romans (and) countrymen† to lend him their ears in an effort to exonerate Caesar from false charges laid against him. The three main conspirators in Caesar’s murder, Brutus, Casca and Cassius portrayed Caesar as an ambitious tyrant to the Roman people. After Caesar was unjustly killed by his friends and comrades, the crowd was persuaded to believe that his death was necessary for the good of the republic. However, Antony’sRead More Julius Caesar Essay: Marc Antony’s Power of Persuasion1385 Words   |  6 PagesMarc Antonys Power of Persuasion in Julius Caesar      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeares Julius Caesar, although Marc Antony is allowed to make a speech at Caesars funeral, he must not speak ill of either the conspirators or Caesar.   Antony was infuriated with Caesars assassination, and wants to seek revenge on his killers as well as gain power for himself in Romes government.   He must persuade the crowd that has gathered that Caesars murder was unjust, and turn them against Brutus and CassiusRead MoreMarcus Brutus Vs Mark Antony s Funeral Speech Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesKayla Marie Davis English II / 4th Block October 27, 2015 Marcus Brutus’ vs. Mark Antony’s Funeral Speech At the funeral of Julius Caesar two characters make speeches to the plebeian mob, Brutus and Marc Antony. Shakespeare shows us the personalities of the two orators and gives one an advantage over the other. Marc Antony has an advantage over Brutus because he speaks after Brutus and he has Caesar’s body. He also interrupts Brutus’ speech. He uses a range of rhetorical devices to manipulateRead MoreExamples Of Envy In Julius Caesar838 Words   |  4 Pagesplay Julius Caesar written by legendary playwright, William Shakespeare. Brutus and Cassius, Julius Caesars good friends are envious of the love Casaer is shown by the romans and they are willing to throw aside friendship and loyalty because of envy which propels them into the action of killing Caesar for power and praise. Envy is easy and almost always evident in the hunt for power in Julius Caesar, this is evident in Brutus’s motives for killing Caesar, Cassius motives for killing Caesar and AntonysRead MoreEss ay on The History Behind Shakespeares Julius Caesar740 Words   |  3 Pagesreplaced a monarchy. For this reason Caesar had been murdered; he was thought to have become too powerful. He was pushing for a dictatorship. Some members of the senate had stepped in and prevented his absolute power. This is just one of the reasons why Caesar would not be the best ruler of Rome; he had been too power-hungry. Antony had been just as bad as Caesar. He was his right-hand man and knew what Caesar had been up to at all times. When Caesar had died, he knew the first thing he wouldRead MoreMarcus Antonys Speech Analysis1063 Words   |  5 PagesJason H. Chang Counteracting the Opposition Julius Caesar was probably one of the most prominent figures in Roman history, known for his strong willed nature and commanding presence. In 44 BCE, Caesar was voted in to be Dictator perpetuo (often mistranslated as dictator for life).Worried that Caesar was becoming too powerful, several Roman senators including Brutus (a close friend of Caesar’s) assassinated Caesar while Caesar himself was by tradition, unarmed and defenseless. Following theRead MoreJulius Caesar: Beware the Ides of March1017 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluential senate is easily threatened by one man; Julius Caesar. To the senators Caesar is the catalyst for the downfall of a Republic they had worked so hard to create and protect. The playwright William Shakespeare dives into this world of betrayal and ambition with his play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. Using his voice as a writer he takes the audience into Rome and lets them experience each riveting moment of Caesar’s fall. 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Let’s get it on! â€Å"If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.† (3.2/ 19) Brutus tries to tell the people that he executed Caesar for their own

Part Five Chapter XI Free Essays

XI Howard had told Shirley that he did not feel well, that he thought he had better stay in bed and rest, and that the Copper Kettle could run without him for an afternoon. ‘I’ll call Mo,’ he said. ‘No, I’ll call her,’ said Shirley sharply. We will write a custom essay sample on Part Five Chapter XI or any similar topic only for you Order Now As she closed the bedroom door on him, Shirley thought, He’s using his heart. He had said, ‘Don’t be silly, Shirl’, and then, ‘It’s rubbish, bloody rubbish’, and she had not pressed him. Years of genteel avoidance of grisly topics (Shirley had been literally struck dumb when twenty-three-year-old Patricia had said: ‘I’m gay, Mum.’) seemed to have muzzled something inside her. The doorbell rang. Lexie said, ‘Dad told me to come round here. He and Mum have got something to do. Where’s Grandad?’ ‘In bed,’ said Shirley. ‘He overdid it a bit last night.’ ‘It was a good party, wasn’t it?’ said Lexie. ‘Yes, lovely,’ said Shirley, with a tempest building inside her. After a while, her granddaughter’s prattling wore Shirley down. ‘Let’s have lunch at the cafe,’ she suggested. ‘Howard,’ she called through the closed bedroom door, ‘I’m taking Lexie for lunch at the Copper Kettle.’ He sounded worried, and she was glad. She was not afraid of Maureen. She would look Maureen right in the face †¦ But it occurred to Shirley, as she walked, that Howard might have telephoned Maureen the moment she had left the bungalow. She was so stupid †¦ somehow, she had thought that, in calling Maureen herself about Howard’s illness, she had stopped them communicating †¦ she was forgetting †¦ The familiar, well-loved streets seemed different, strange. She had taken a regular inventory of the window she presented to this lovely little world: wife and mother, hospital volunteer, secretary to the Parish Council, First Citizeness; and Pagford had been her mirror, reflecting, in its polite respect, her value and her worth. But the Ghost had taken a rubber stamp and smeared across the pristine surface of her life a revelation that would nullify it all: ‘her husband was sleeping with his business partner, and she never knew †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ It would be all that anyone said, when she was mentioned; all that they ever remembered about her. She pushed open the door of the cafe; the bell tinkled, and Lexie said, ‘There’s Peanut Price.’ ‘Howard all right?’ croaked Maureen. ‘Just tired,’ said Shirley, moving smoothly to a table and sitting down, her heart beating so fast that she wondered whether she might have a coronary herself. ‘Tell him neither of the girls has turned up,’ said Maureen crossly, lingering by their table, ‘and neither of them bothered to call in either. It’s lucky we’re not busy.’ Lexie went to the counter to talk to Andrew, who had been put on waiter duty. Conscious of her unusual solitude, as she sat alone at the table, Shirley remembered Mary Fairbrother, erect and gaunt at Barry’s funeral, widowhood draped around her like a queen’s train; the pity, the admiration. In losing her husband, Mary had become the silent passive recipient of admiration, whereas she, shackled to a man who had betrayed her, was cloaked in grubbiness, a target of derision †¦ (Long ago, in Yarvil, men had subjected Shirley to smutty jokes because of her mother’s reputation, even though she, Shirley, had been as pure as it was possible to be.) ‘Grandad’s feeling ill,’ Lexie was telling Andrew. ‘What’s in those cakes?’ He bent down behind the counter, hiding his red face. I snogged your mum. Andrew had almost skived off work. He had been afraid that Howard might sack him on the spot for kissing his daughter-in-law, and was downright terrified that Miles Mollison might storm in, looking for him. At the same time, he was not so naive that he did not know that Samantha, who must, he thought ruthlessly, be well over forty, would figure as the villain of the piece. His defence was simple. ‘She was pissed and she grabbed me.’ There was a tiny glimmer of pride in his embarrassment. He had been anxious to see Gaia; he wanted to tell her that a grown woman had pounced on him. He had hoped that they might laugh about it, the way that they laughed about Maureen, but that she might be secretly impressed; and also that in the course of laughing, he might find out exactly what she had done with Fats; how far she had let him go. He was prepared to forgive her. She had been pissed too. But she had not turned up. He went to fetch a napkin for Lexie and almost collided with his boss’s wife, who was standing behind the counter, holding his EpiPen. ‘Howard wanted me to check something,’ Shirley told him. ‘And this needle shouldn’t be kept in here. I’ll put it in the back.’ How to cite Part Five Chapter XI, Essay examples

After the Ratification of the Declaration of Independence free essay sample

After the ratification of the Declaration of Independence, establishing the united colonies as Free and Independent States, the Continental Congress set to work on the task of drawing up a document that would provide a legal framework for that Union, and which would be enforceable as the law of the new land. The Articles were written during the early part of the American Revolution by a committee of the Second Continental Congress of the now independent thirteen sovereign states. The head of the committee, John Dickinson, who had refused to sign he Declaration of Independence, nevertheless adhering to the will of the majority of the members of the Continental Congress, presented a report on the proposed articles to the Congress on July 12, 1776, eight days after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Dickinson initially proposed a strong central government, with control over the western lands, equal representation for the states, and the power to levy taxes. We will write a custom essay sample on After the Ratification of the Declaration of Independence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because of their experience with Great Britain, the 13 states feared a powerful central government. Consequently, they changed Dickinsons proposed articles rastically before they sent them to all the states for ratification in November 1777. The Continental Congress had been careful to give the states as much independence as possible. The Articles deliberately established a confederation of sovereign states, carefully specifying the limited functions of the federal government. Despite these precautions, several years passed before all the states ratified the articles. The delay resulted from preoccupation with the revolution and from disagreements among the states. These disagreements included quarrels over boundary lines, conflicting ecisions by state courts, differing tariff laws, and trade restrictions between states. The small states wanted equal representation with the large states in Congress, and the large states were afraid they would have to pay an excessive amount of money to support the federal government. In addition, the states disagreed over control of the western territories. The states with no frontier borders wanted the government to control the sale of these territories so that all the states profited. On the other hand, the states bordering the frontier wanted to control as much land as they could. Eventually the states agreed to give control of all western lands to the federal government, paving the way for final ratification of the articles on March 1, 1781, Just seven and a half months before the surrender of Lord Cornwallis and his British Army at Yorktown, October 19, 1781, the victory ended fighting in the War of Independence and virtually assured success to the American cause. Almost the entire war for five long years had been prosecuted by the members of the Second Continental Congress as representatives of a loose federation of states with no resources and reputations. Under the Articles, on paper, the Congress had power to regulate foreign affairs, war, and the postal service and to appoint military officers, control Indian affairs, borrow money, determine the value of coin, and issue bills of credit. In reality, however, the Articles gave the Congress no power to enforce its requests to the states for money or troops, and by the end of 1786 governmental effectiveness had broken down. Nevertheless, some solid accomplishments had been achieved: certain state claims to western lands were settled, and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established the undamental pattern of evolving government in the territories north of the Ohio River. Equally important, the Confederation provided the new nation with instructive experience in self-government under a written document. In revealing their own weaknesses, the Articles paved the way for the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and the present form of U. S. government. The Articles were in force from March 1, 1781, to March 4, 1789, when the present Constitution of the United States went into effect. During those years the 13 states were struggling to achieve their independent status, and the Articles of Confederation stood them in good stead in the process and exercise of learning self- government. The articles created a loose confederation of independent states that gave limited powers to a central government. The national government would consist of a single house of Congress, where each state would have one vote. Congress had the power to set up a postal department, to estimate the costs of the government and request donations from the states, to raise armed forces, and to control the development of the western territories. With the consent of nine of the thirteen states, Congress ould also coin, borrow, or appropriate money as well as declare war and enter into treaties and alliances with foreign nations. There was no independent executive and no veto of legislation. Judicial proceedings in each state were to be honored by all other states. The federal government had no judicial branch, and the only Judicial authority Congress had was the power to arbitrate disputes between states. Congress was denied the power to levy taxes; the new federal government was financed by donations from the states based on the value of each states lands. Any amendment to the articles required the unanimous approval of all 13 states. In attempting to limit the power of the central government, the Second Continental Congress created one without sufficient power to govern effectively, which led to serious national and international problems. The greatest weakness of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation was its inability to regulate trade and levy taxes. Sometimes the states refused to give the government the money it interstate commerce. The government could not pay off the debts it had incurred uring the revolution, including paying soldiers who had fought in the war and citizens who had provided supplies to the cause. Congress could not pass needed measures because they lacked the nine-state majority required to become laws. The states largely ignored Congress, which was powerless to enforce cooperation, and it was therefore unable to carry out its duties. After the Colonial victory in the Revolutionary War, it became obvious to the Founding Fathers that the original attempt would not be equal to the task of providing the equitable law which they sought. Congress could not force the states to adhere to the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783 ending the American Revolution, which was humiliating to the new government, especially when some states started their own negotiations with foreign countries. In addition, the new nation was unable to defend its borders from British and Spanish encroachment because it could not pay for an army when the states would not contribute the necessary funds. Leaders like Alexander Hamilton of New York and James Madison of Virginia criticized the limits placed on the central government, and General George Washington is said o have complained that the federation was little more than a shadow without substance. On February 21, 1787, Congress called for a Constitutional Convention to be held in May to revise the articles. Between May and September, the convention wrote the present Constitution for the United States, which retained some of the features of the Articles of Confederation but gave considerably more power to the federal government. The new Constitution provided for executive and Judicial branches of government, lacking in the Articles, and allowed the government to tax its citizens.